Around the time of 1200 BC, the Phrygians came to the Anatolian Plateau from Europe and established their capital, Gordion, near Polatli west of Ankara. Alexander the Great was supposed to have become the ruler of Asia by virtue of ‘undoing’ Gordion’sknot with his sword. The tomb of the Phrygian king Midas, who according to legend turned everything he touched into gold, is located near Gordion. Near Eskisehir and Afyon there are a number of Phrygian cities and places of worship.
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Ancient City of Pergamon or Pergamum, Izmir, Turkey
Located 100 km from north of Izmir in the Bakircay river basin, Bergama is one of the Turkey’s oldest civilized settlements which, has been inhabited from pre historic times through the Ionic, Roman and Byzantine civilizations. It has yielded archeological treasures of which importance is recognized world wide. To the southwest of Bergama, Asclepion, an important health center of the ancient world, the acropolis founded on top of a steep hill (300 m) and the Temple of Serapis (Kizil Avlu) make this area a fascinating stop for history loving tourists. The Altar of Zeus was smuggled to Germany in 1897.
History
The modern day name, comes directly from its ancient name, Pergamum. Known for centuries for its monuments, it was a great city and served as the centre of Pergamum kingdom. Its location made it strategic in the Middle Ages and was the centre of the Karesiogullari Principality before it finally became a part of the Ottoman State. The city’s golden era was during the reign of Attalos I and his son Eumenes II, the time when an acropolis, theatre and other important projects were completed.
It was an important city in the Roman period. The city experienced many developments during the reign of Hadrian (117-138 AD), and it was adorned with Roman works of art. In the Byzantine era after the spread of Christianity, Bergama was first under the influence of the bishopric of Ephesus, and then became a metropolis.
Climate
The Mediterranean Climate dominates the region. Summers are hot and dry while winters are mild and rainy.
Access
By Road
The main bus station is at the south end of the town centre, although many buses coming from other cities will drop passengers off, on the edge of town. There are regular services from Ayvalik (45 mins) and Izmir (2 hours), and one or two daily to Afyon (7 hours), Ankara (11 hours) and Istanbul (10 hours).
By Train
The nearest station is at Soma, 45 km away, which is on the main line between Izmir and Bandirma.
Preserved Areas in Turkey
A recent notion have been spread out all around the world to stop the hazards that the natural life faces due to the destructive effects let by the unconscious employement of developing technologies. Acording to the data of The World Conservation Union(IUCN),while %5 of the total surface area of the world seperated as preserved area,this reaches to %10 among considerate countries.
In Turkey a policy of protection and conservation of the stunning natural and cultural assets and the fields symbolizing our victorious battles has already been established on national and international bases; and preserved areas of different statues have been designated in order to be bequeathed to the future generations. With in the frames of the law that has been come into force in 1883, 4 types of definition of preserved areas come to the ground as; National Parks, Preserved Areas, Nature Parks and Nature Monuments.
• National Parks
• Nature Parks
• Nature Monuments
• Natural Protection Areas
Blue cruise holiday on the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts of Turkey on a private Gulet Yacht
Blue voyagers are the title for exceptional sculling occasions through the profound blue waters of Turkey’s Aegean and Mediterranean coasts, but in this issue we chosen to require our perusers on a distinctive kind of blue voyage. The blue voyage is like a dream, they say, and so, since dreams have no limits, we are going on a blue voyage through the skies. As in the event that we were a bird, a seagull maybe, we are going take wing and fly from the Oludeniz Tidal pond to Alanya. From the sky we’ll see that ponder of nature, Oludeniz Tidal pond, the city of Patara, the ancient city of Side, and an antiquated city that’s still living nowadays, Alanya. Since usually a dream, we are able fly wherever the fancy takes us; white clouds by our side and blue ocean underneath us. Turquoise may be a colour difficult to depict; not very blue and not very green; an puzzling mix of the two colours. That’s the colour of oludeniz Blue Tidal pond, which at each hour of the day could be a diverse shade of turquoise.
This tidal pond has been the subject of legends from relic to the display day, but who cares around legend? Blue Tidal pond could be a legend in itself. Taking off Oludeniz to its legends, we set out from Xanthos to Kalkan, and arrive at Patara, established by Patarus, the child of the god Apollo and the sprite Lycia. Patara could be a fabulous Lycian city, half buried in sand and half within the ocean, lying on a shoreline which is the longest within the Mediterranean and has the finest sand.
In case the ocean were not unmistakable, you might imagine yourself to be in one of Africa’s extraordinary deserts. At Kaputas the blue ocean extends its green head into a cave within the rocks. Its sand is golden yellow. Interior the cave the ocean is fluorescent, the light reflecting underneath the surface of the water making a heap colours. The depressed city submerged within the water off Kekova Island has for centuries been domestic to angle. Adjacent are the remains of the antiquated shipyard, and extending towards the terrain past is the Inlet of Kekova.
Liquefied snow from the crests of the Toros mountains and water from springs and streams are carried down to the ocean over rapids and waterfalls by the Manavgat Waterway. The new water surges endlessly to meet the salt water of the ocean at a put called Titreyengol. Side (articulated see-day) is an old word meaning pomegranate. The remains of the old city and the advanced resort of Side are here captured by the camera.
Maybe this can be how the seagulls have seen it for thousands of a long time, wheeling within the skies. Whereas most of its landmarks are stones lying on the ground, the theater stands in all its unique wonderfulness. Did the arrive try to be ocean and reach out towards the far off skyline, or did the ocean long to be arrive and grasp it so intensely? In Alanya it is inconceivable to tell. So presently you see from ocean to arrive and from the castle to the ocean, and attempt to choose. Ancient Alanya was a minor walled ridge town, but presently it has extended right along the shore and up to the foothills of the mountains behind.
Ancient City of Kaunos, Dalyan, Mugla, Turkey
There are three ways of reaching Kaunos which attract great attention today owing to its Venetian type of channel and Lycian type of tombs. The visitors who come by means of their yachts, land on the island named Delikli Ada and reach the site of the ruins by starting off in small boats from here; those who come from Marmaris by sea route, drop anchor in the vicinity of Delikli Ada and also reach the site of the ruins in small boats; and those who come by land route, reach the ruins by starting boats from the Village of Dalyan which is at a distance of 27 km from Koycegiz.
The existance of the ruins of Kaunos was first discovered in the year 1842, and excavations have been carried on there by the Turkish archaeologists under the supervision of Prof. Baki Ogun since 1967. Kaunos, the son of Miletos, had been indicated as the founder of the city and therefore, it had been named Kaunos. The city was first captured by the Persians and then by Alexander and in the year 189 B.C., it was made subject to the Kingdom of Rhodes. We know that it continued until the year 167 B.C.
Kaunos was the subjected to the kingdom of Pergamon and was brought directly under the sovereignty of Rome after 133 B.C. You reach the site of the ruins by means of channel adorned with Lycian type tombs belonging to the 4th century B.C. The first place that we see is the acropolis of Kaunos. The northern part of the city wall, which surrounds the acropolis, belongs to the period of Mausolos. The northwestern part has Hellenistic qualities. And starting from the harbour are seen the city walls of Cyclopean type belonging to the Archaic Period.
The theater belonging to the Roman Period is located at the skirt of the acropolis and its southern part is carved in the rock; the other parts are shaped into seats supported by gable roof vaults. There are 33 rows of seats, the scene has collapsed and the part of the orchestra has been filled in. A temple, revealed by the recent excavations, is located at far west of the theater, and a church and the magnificent walls of the Roman Bath are visible beyond it. Another temple belonging to the Roman Period is located behind the bath.
As we go downwards, we see the remains of a wall built in the shape of three fourths of a circle with a row of columns on it and, behind it, a temple of the Doric order. The locality called Suluklu Gol (Lake of Leeches) in Caunos today, was a harbour closed by means of chains during the Antique Period. The excavations performed at the north of this harbour have revealed a stoa which used to form a part of the port agora. The fountain near the stoa has a plan of inantis style and has been restored recently, and the inscription which is seen on its side facing the harbour, contains the written decrees concerning the customs house.