Nestled on a fertile plain surrounded by the snow-capped mountains of Eastern Anatolia, Erzincan is a city where rich history, breathtaking natural beauty, and outdoor adventure come together. Situated approximately 1,200 meters (3,940 feet) above sea level on the banks of the Karasu River, one of the principal headwaters of the Euphrates, Erzincan serves as an important gateway between Central and Eastern Turkey.

Known for its dramatic mountain landscapes, powerful rivers, thermal springs, historic monuments, traditional copper craftsmanship, and exciting outdoor sports, Erzincan has become one of Turkey’s leading destinations for nature lovers and adventure travelers. Whether exploring ancient castles, rafting through spectacular canyons, skiing on snow-covered mountains, or relaxing beside magnificent waterfalls, visitors will discover one of Anatolia’s most rewarding destinations.

History of Erzincan

Erzincan has a history stretching back more than 4,000 years. Archaeological evidence suggests that the region was inhabited during the Early Bronze Age and later became home to numerous civilizations, including the Hurrians, Hayasa-Azzi Kingdom, Hittites, Urartians, Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, Mongols, and Ottomans.

Following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, Erzincan came under Seljuk rule and gradually developed into an important commercial center along the trade routes connecting Anatolia with the Caucasus and Persia.

During the medieval period, the city prospered under various Turkmen dynasties before becoming part of the Ottoman Empire in the early 16th century.

Throughout its history, Erzincan has faced several devastating earthquakes, the most destructive occurring in 1939, when much of the city was destroyed. The modern city was rebuilt with wider streets and improved urban planning while preserving its rich cultural heritage.

A City Surrounded by Nature

Erzincan is blessed with one of Turkey’s most diverse natural landscapes.

The province features:

• Snow-covered mountain ranges
• Deep river valleys
• Fertile plains
• Alpine meadows
• Lakes
• Waterfalls
• Forests
• Thermal springs
• Spectacular canyons

Remarkably, nearly 11 percent of the province consists of green areas, making Erzincan one of Turkey’s richest regions in terms of natural open space.

Outdoor Adventure Destination

Erzincan has earned a reputation as one of Turkey’s premier centers for outdoor sports and adventure tourism.

Its diverse terrain allows visitors to enjoy exciting activities throughout the year, including:

• White-water rafting
• Canoeing
• Rock climbing
• Mountain climbing
• Hiking
• Trekking
• Mountain biking
• Paragliding
• Camping
• Wildlife photography
• Skiing
• Snowboarding

The combination of mountains, rivers, and plateaus makes Erzincan an ideal destination for active travelers.

Kemaliye – One of Turkey’s Hidden Gems

Southwest of Erzincan lies the historic town of Kemaliye, beautifully situated along the Euphrates River.

Famous for its traditional stone and wooden houses, narrow streets, and spectacular mountain scenery, Kemaliye has become one of Turkey’s most charming cultural destinations.

The warm hospitality of its residents, well-preserved Ottoman architecture, and peaceful atmosphere make it an unforgettable place to visit.

Karanlık Canyon

Near Kemaliye lies the breathtaking Karanlık Canyon (Dark Canyon), one of the deepest canyons in the world.

Towering limestone cliffs rise dramatically above the Euphrates River, creating spectacular scenery for visitors.

The canyon is internationally renowned for:

• White-water rafting
• Canoeing
• Boat tours
• Rock climbing
• Hiking
• Photography
• Scenic drives

Its famous cliff-side road, carved directly into the rock face, is considered one of Turkey’s most spectacular mountain routes.

Girlevik Waterfall

Located southeast of Erzincan, Girlevik Waterfall is among the province’s most popular natural attractions.

Fed by mountain springs, the waterfall cascades over rocky cliffs into lush surroundings, creating a refreshing oasis during the summer months.

Visitors can enjoy:

• Nature walks
• Photography
• Picnics
• Birdwatching
• Relaxing beside the waterfalls

During winter, the waterfall freezes into magnificent ice formations, making it one of the few places in Turkey where ice climbing is possible.

Mount Munzur and Munzur Mountains

The Munzur Mountains form one of Eastern Anatolia’s most impressive mountain ranges.

The region offers excellent opportunities for:

• Trekking
• Mountaineering
• Wildlife observation
• Mountain biking
• Paragliding
• Photography

Its alpine meadows bloom with colorful wildflowers during spring and summer, attracting hikers and nature enthusiasts from across Turkey.

Ekşisu Thermal Springs

After a day of outdoor adventure, visitors can unwind at the famous Ekşisu Thermal Springs.

Known for their naturally mineral-rich waters, these springs have been valued for centuries for their relaxing and therapeutic properties.

Modern spa facilities provide year-round wellness experiences surrounded by beautiful natural scenery.

Ergan Mountain Ski Resort

Located a short distance from Erzincan, Ergan Mountain Ski Resort has become one of Turkey’s leading winter sports destinations.

The resort offers:

• Modern ski lifts
• Long ski runs
• Snowboarding
• Ski schools
• Snowshoe hiking
• Spectacular mountain panoramas

Reliable snowfall and excellent facilities make Ergan Mountain a favorite destination for winter sports enthusiasts.

Altıntepe Archaeological Site

East of Erzincan lies Altıntepe, one of the most important archaeological sites of the ancient Urartian Kingdom.

Excavations have uncovered:

• Temples
• Fortifications
• Palaces
• Bronze artifacts
• Ceramics
• Ancient inscriptions

Many of the remarkable bronze objects displayed today in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara were discovered at Altıntepe, highlighting the site’s historical importance.

Tercan and Mama Hatun Complex

The town of Tercan is home to the remarkable Mama Hatun Complex, built during the 12th century.

The complex includes:

• A beautifully decorated mausoleum
• Caravanserai
• Mosque
• Bathhouse

The elegant stone carvings surrounding the entrance portal make it one of the finest examples of medieval Anatolian architecture.

Traditional Copper Craftsmanship

Erzincan has long been famous for its skilled metalworkers.

Visitors can admire beautifully handcrafted:

• Copper trays
• Coffee pots
• Decorative bowls
• Kitchen utensils
• Traditional ornaments

These finely decorated works continue a centuries-old artistic tradition and make excellent souvenirs.

Local Cuisine

Erzincan’s cuisine reflects the rich agricultural traditions of Eastern Anatolia.

Regional specialties include:

• Erzincan Tulum Cheese
• Grilled lamb
• Cağ Kebab
• Stuffed vegetables
• Traditional soups
• Honey
• Handmade pastries
• Local yogurt
• Fresh mountain herbs
• Walnut desserts

The province’s famous Erzincan Tulum Cheese is among Turkey’s most highly regarded traditional cheeses.

Climate

Erzincan experiences a continental climate with four distinct seasons.

• Spring (April–June): Mild temperatures and colorful wildflowers create ideal sightseeing conditions.
• Summer (July–September): Warm days and cool evenings are perfect for hiking, rafting, and outdoor activities.
• Autumn (September–November): Crisp mountain air and vibrant autumn colors make this an excellent season to visit.
• Winter (December–March): Heavy snowfall provides outstanding conditions for skiing and other winter sports.

Things to Do in Erzincan

Visitors should not miss:

• Explore the historic town of Kemaliye.
• Experience rafting through Karanlık Canyon.
• Visit the spectacular Girlevik Waterfall.
• Relax in the mineral-rich waters of Ekşisu Thermal Springs.
• Ski at Ergan Mountain Ski Resort.
• Discover the ancient ruins of Altıntepe.
• Visit the beautiful Mama Hatun Complex in Tercan.
• Hike through the Munzur Mountains.
• Shop for traditional handcrafted copperware.
• Taste the famous Erzincan Tulum Cheese and regional cuisine.

Getting to Erzincan

By Air

Erzincan Yıldırım Akbulut Airport offers regular domestic flights connecting the city with Istanbul, Ankara, İzmir, and other major Turkish destinations.

By Rail

Erzincan is an important station on Turkey’s eastern railway network, with regular train services linking the city to Ankara, Erzurum, Kars, and other major destinations.

By Road

Modern highways connect Erzincan with Erzurum, Sivas, Gümüşhane, Tunceli, Bayburt, and neighboring provinces. Frequent intercity bus services make travel throughout the region convenient.

Why Visit Erzincan?

Erzincan is one of Turkey’s most exciting destinations for travelers seeking both adventure and cultural discovery. Rich in history, surrounded by dramatic mountain scenery, and blessed with powerful rivers, deep canyons, waterfalls, thermal springs, and world-class outdoor recreation, the province offers unforgettable experiences in every season.

Whether you are rafting through the breathtaking Karanlık Canyon, skiing on the slopes of Ergan Mountain, exploring the ancient ruins of Altıntepe, relaxing beside Girlevik Waterfall, or wandering the charming streets of Kemaliye, Erzincan promises an authentic journey into the heart of Eastern Anatolia, where history, nature, and adventure come together in spectacular harmony.