Bursa is one of the earliest Ottoman cities where Jewish communities settled and built places of worship under imperial protection. Several historic synagogues survive today, mainly concentrated around Arap Şükrü Street, reflecting the city’s long-standing multicultural character.
Geruş Synagogue (Gerus Synagogue)
The Geruş Synagogue is located on Arap Şükrü Street and was built by Sephardic Jews expelled from Spain in the late 15th century, who were welcomed into the Ottoman Empire.
- The name “Geruş” comes from the Hebrew word meaning “expelled”
- It symbolizes the community’s migration and resettlement history
- The synagogue remains in use and is still maintained by the local Jewish community
- It is considered one of the best-preserved historical synagogues in Bursa
Mayor Synagogue
The Mayor Synagogue was constructed by Jewish families who migrated from Mallorca (Spain) during the 15th century.
- The name “Mayor” refers to their island of origin
- Built after their settlement under Ottoman protection
- Interior features include decorative wall and ceiling patterns, reflecting Sephardic artistic influences
- It served as an important communal worship center for its congregation
Etz Ahayim Synagogue
The Etz Ahayim Synagogue, meaning “Tree of Life”, is one of the oldest synagogues in Bursa.
- Its origins date back to the early Ottoman period (14th century)
- It is believed to be among the first synagogues officially approved by an imperial decree during the reign of Orhan Gazi
- This makes it historically significant as a symbol of early Ottoman religious tolerance
- The structure has been restored multiple times while preserving its traditional identity
Cultural Importance
Together, these synagogues reflect:
- The arrival of Sephardic Jews after the Spanish expulsion
- Ottoman policies of religious tolerance and resettlement
- The development of a vibrant Jewish quarter in Bursa
Today, they remain important cultural and historical landmarks, representing the city’s diverse heritage alongside its mosques and külliyes.