Situated 100 km north of Izmir in the Bakircay river basin, Bergama is among Türkiye’s earliest inhabited settlements, having been occupied since prehistoric times through the Ionic, Roman, and Byzantine civilizations. It has produced archaeological treasures whose significance is acknowledged globally. To the southwest of Bergama lies the Asclepion, a crucial health center from ancient times, along with the acropolis established on a steep hill (300 m) and the Temple of Serapis (Kizil Avlu), making this region an intriguing destination for history enthusiasts.

The contemporary name is derived directly from its ancient origin, Pergamum. Renowned for centuries for its landmarks, it was a prominent city and became the hub of the Pergamum kingdom. Its location was significant during the Middle Ages and it served as the heart of the Karesioğullari Principality before ultimately becoming part of the Ottoman Empire. The city’s peak period occurred during the rule of Attalos I and his son Eumenes II, when an acropolis, theatre, and other significant projects were completed.

During the Roman era, it was a significant city. Throughout Hadrian’s reign (117-138 AD), the city underwent numerous advancements and was embellished with Roman artistic creations. In the Byzantine period, following the rise of Christianity, Bergama initially fell under the influence of the Ephesus bishopric before evolving into a metropolis.

Access Bergama
By Road
The primary bus terminal is located at the southern end of the town center, although several buses arriving from other cities will drop off passengers on the outskirts of town. Regular bus services operate from Ayvalık (45 minutes) and İzmir (2 hours), with one or two daily trips to Afyon (7 hours), Ankara (11 hours), and İstanbul (10 hours).

By Train
The closest train station is in Soma, 45 kilometers away, which is situated on the main