Village Types in Turkey:
– Coastal Villages in Turkey
– Mountain Villages in Turkey
– Forest Villages in Turkey
– Southern and Eastern Villages in Turkey
Village Types in Turkey
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Turkey Administration
Population : About 74 million
Population density :
General : 73 sq km/190 sq mile
Istanbul : 1023 sq km/2650 sq mile
Izmir : 194 sq km/502 sq mile
Ankara : 108 sq km/280 sq mile
Language : Officially Turkish
Money : Turkish Lira
Parliament : The Turkish Grand National Assembly (TGNA) is the power of Turkish Republic and performs its function on behalf of Turkish Nation. The total number of the members in TGNA is 550. General elections in every 5 years. President every 7 years, elected by the parliament.
Turkish Education System
After the change from the Ottoman to the Turkish Republic many reforms in education were made. As in Ottomans the Ottoman language was difficult, the alphabet was the Arabic one which is very difficult to learn, the literacy ratio was very low and the religion education was the major subject many radical changes has been made. Some important ones were secularization and change of alphabet.Education has been made a top priority of national development.
It has the largest budget of any ministry with an allocation of over 22% of the national budget. The aim of the Turkish educational system is to nurture productive, happy individuals with broad views on world affairs who will unite in national consciousness and thinking to form an inseparable state, and will contribute to the prosperity of society through their skills. This is thought to be instrumental in making the Turkish nation a creative and distinguished member of the modern world.
Most Fluent Turkish Phrases in English
Education: Compulsory for 8 years (recently decreed)
Literacy Rate: Total 82 %, Male 89%, Female 69 %
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Geogrphy Location of Turkey
Protected to the north, west and south by sea, guarded to the east and southeast by impenetrable mountain ranges, Turkey has the varied landscape of a continent complete in itself. Arable plains change over long distances into areas of steppe and pasture suitable only for livestock, surrounded by barren rocky regions or dense swathes of virgin forest. Throughout the course of history, the landscape has played a key role in determining the settlement of civilizations, migrations, invasions and the spread of numerous religions.
Turkey is located in south/western Asia (the part that is west of the Bosphorus is included with Europe, or referred to as the ‘European side’) and borders south eastern Europe. In the north it borders the Black Sea. To the west is the Aegean Sea, Greece and Bulgaria and to the east are Georgia, Armenia and Iran. In the south it borders the Mediterranean Sea, along with Iraq and Syria. It occupies a landmass of 780,580 square kilometres and its capital is Ankara.
Ancient City of Pergamon or Pergamum, Izmir, Turkey
Located 100 km from north of Izmir in the Bakircay river basin, Bergama is one of the Turkey’s oldest civilized settlements which, has been inhabited from pre historic times through the Ionic, Roman and Byzantine civilizations. It has yielded archeological treasures of which importance is recognized world wide. To the southwest of Bergama, Asclepion, an important health center of the ancient world, the acropolis founded on top of a steep hill (300 m) and the Temple of Serapis (Kizil Avlu) make this area a fascinating stop for history loving tourists. The Altar of Zeus was smuggled to Germany in 1897.
History
The modern day name, comes directly from its ancient name, Pergamum. Known for centuries for its monuments, it was a great city and served as the centre of Pergamum kingdom. Its location made it strategic in the Middle Ages and was the centre of the Karesiogullari Principality before it finally became a part of the Ottoman State. The city’s golden era was during the reign of Attalos I and his son Eumenes II, the time when an acropolis, theatre and other important projects were completed.
It was an important city in the Roman period. The city experienced many developments during the reign of Hadrian (117-138 AD), and it was adorned with Roman works of art. In the Byzantine era after the spread of Christianity, Bergama was first under the influence of the bishopric of Ephesus, and then became a metropolis.
Climate
The Mediterranean Climate dominates the region. Summers are hot and dry while winters are mild and rainy.
Access
By Road
The main bus station is at the south end of the town centre, although many buses coming from other cities will drop passengers off, on the edge of town. There are regular services from Ayvalik (45 mins) and Izmir (2 hours), and one or two daily to Afyon (7 hours), Ankara (11 hours) and Istanbul (10 hours).
By Train
The nearest station is at Soma, 45 km away, which is on the main line between Izmir and Bandirma.