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The plant cover in Turkey is a mixture of Mediterranean, Southeastern and Eastern vegetation. Higher elevations were generally covered by oak, which were for firewood.

THERMAL RESORTS, YALOVA
Yalova hot springs are located to the south of the Sea of Marmara, 11 km southwest of the town of Yalova in a wonderfully green setting.

CAPACITY
The Yalova hot springs have a natural water outlet, flowing at a rate of 15 liters per second with the potential capacity of 1,651 person/day/bath and 1,651 beds on the basis of 600 litres per person/day/bath.

PHYSIO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND INDICATIONS
Yalova hot springs have a composition of sodium chloride, calcium sulfate and fluoride. With a temperature of 57 to 60 C, 7.3 to 7.6 PH, and 1,435 mg/lt total mineral content, the waters are suitable for bathing and drinking. Yalova hot springs are known for their therapeutic qualities, especially for rheumatic diseases, digestive maladies, neurological and urological disorders and metabolic problems.

TREATMENTS AND ACCOMMODATION
Yalova spa incorporates open and covered pools, baths, offers massage, underwater massage and drinking cures. The spa includes two hotels with a total of 202 beds, a first class restaurant, cafe, a very attractive park and forest.

FACILITIES
Climatic conditions Altitude: 10 m
Yalova Turban (***) Yalova – Istanbul
Phone: (216) 823 14 00

Many of the farmers in the villages of the South and East are descendants of nomadic herders who have settled in the past 100 years. Groups of these people formed tribal units. Social and political relations were largely feudal and the measure of strength was the number of warriors at the command of each group. Weak tribes depended on the strong and gave them economic and military support in exchange for protection.

Because of the changes through government settlement programs and modernized farming, families are being detached from traditional structures in order to compete with others for jobs. Therefore these kinds of villages are losing their typical characteristics.

In forest villages, life is much more difficult than in normal villages, because of the daily living difficulties and transportation problems. The villages also cause a certain amount of destruction in the forests. That is why, these villages are supported by the state and villagers are encouraged to use coal for heating instead of wood, and other animals instead of goats whose grazing habits are harmful to the trees.

Villages in European Turkey, along the Black and Aegean Seas and to a lesser degree along the Mediterranean Sea have long been in contact with urban and western influences. Coastal villages have almost always lacked the self sufficient subsistence patterns of the Anatolian villages. Economic rather than traditional kinship considerations tend to pattern social relations.

Most coastal villagers have a broader social awareness than other Anatolian villagers and are more susceptible to national influences. In these villages, large landowners, by providing employment and land for tenants and by serving as an economic link between the village and the outside at world, are the primary holders of power and prestige.