Turkey’s ports have suffered from overcrowding and inefficiency. The main facilities are located at Antalya, Iskenderun, and Mersin on the Mediterranean; Gemlik, Istanbul, and Izmit in the Marmara region; Izmir on the Aegean Sea; and Hopa, Samsun, and Trabzon on the Black Sea. The ports of Istanbul, Izmir, Izmit, and Mersin are particularly vital because they are outlets for large industrial regions.