Besiktas was a region that has preserved its character since mythological history, but it was recognized during the Byzantine period. Since Besiktasta, which takes the identity of a settlement with the Ottoman period, is the district where both state officials and ordinary people live, various types of structures are available in the district. During the Ottoman period, Besiktas was the district of Captain-I Deryas. 17.From the century onwards, the Abbasid and the formation of the Vishnezade Neighborhoods expanded to the ridges and the population confusion began to form. In the case of the commercial center of the district, Muslims, Greeks, Armenians, and a small number of Jews lived. Besiktas, where the inner content of the country-city is much more intense than Istanbul, 18.It continued this feature in the century. Together with the Tulip Age, it became one of the 2 famous places of social change in Istanbul. After the Republic Period, the district, which was arranged with city planning, shows the first examples of zoning movements.
GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE OF BESIKTAS COUNTY
It is located in the European section of the provincial lands. It is surrounded by Istanbul Strait from the east, Sariyer District from the north, Sisli District from the west and Beyoglu District from the south. Its surface area is 1520 hectares. The district, which has a length of 8375 M on the coast of the Istanbul Strait, has 23 neighborhoods.
COMMERCIAL FEATURES
The district has a lively and lively trading life.There are close to 130 thousand small shopping malls, 2 thousand company centers, 85 bank branches, institutions operating in the capital market, etc,In addition to the plazas and international hotel enterprises of shopping centers (Akmerkez), which comply with European standards, the district has an important function with the Nobel and Pphyser pharmaceutical factories and the star Porcelain business.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
The district has coastal settlements and internal settlement characteristics in terms of geographical location. It has the appearance of a continuous touristic sightseeing place with a throat coast and historical texture. Thanks to the theatre, cinema and cultural centers, sociocultural life is constantly active. In the 3 cultural centers of our municipality, cinema, theater screenings as well as panel and various courses are carried out. Our district is a member of the Marmara and Municipalities Union, but it also established the Istanbul Strait Municipalities Union (Yariyer, Beykoz, Uskudar ) together with other districts that are coastal Bosphorus.. BJK Sports Club Center, one of the first football teams of our country, is also in our district.
IMPORTANT TOURIST PLACES TO SEE, VISIT
Our Besiktas district was the capital of the Byzantine Ottoman period established in the 17th century, most of the administrators of Istanbul were seated in Besiktas, and many decisions belonging to the state administration were taken from here. On this occasion, palaces, mansions, museums, hurricanes, groves and stools in our district provide nostalgia of that period. It features the Ciragan Palace, Dolmabahce Palace, Star Palace, Ferariye Palaces and Linden Hurricane. Stellar Grove, Naile Sultan Korus, Naciye Sultan Korus, Foundation Koru, Emir Erkayleri Korus, Albanian Village Robert College Korus, Ipar Korusu, French Orphan Kor, which keeps its natural beauty intact in every season, Cortel Grove, Ayse Sultan Grove, 160m from the coast with Bosphorus University groves. Kurucesme Island (Galatasaray Island is located. Since the 18th century, the lean and mansions made in the coastal settlements are also remarkable. In religious buildings, you can visit mosques, basins, churches and synagogues together. Our district, which is home to a vibrant and rich cultural life, includes theater, cinema, shopping centers and hotels, as well as the Museum of the Ashyan Museum, Star Palace Museum, the Naval Museum, The Museum of Painting and Sculpture and the City Museum are among the places to visit.
ANTIQUE PERIOD
In ancient times, the coastline, which stretched on two sides of the Bosphorus, was often covered with forest. Even if there were once Iskelepaticas or roads around here, they should be very narrow and unfavorable. Transportation was probably done by boats, with rafts. We do not have any information about the settlements that are thought to exist in the interior regions. The southernmost point of today’s Besiktas is the Dolmabahce Palace. As the name suggests, this is an area obtained by filling the sea in the Ottoman Period. There is a place where Dionysius of Bizantion referred to it as Pentekontoricone, where, according to Dionysius, Pentekontoros (a haired rowing ship) were iron. Given that Dolmabahce used to be a bay, this may be the place of Pentekontoricon. According to Dionysius, there was a settlement near Peitaekontorikon called “Skitli’s Village.
This Scythian, known as Taurus (bull), got up from the land of Scythusi (now Ukraine) and stayed here as he went to seduce Pasifae, the wife of King Minos of Crete.This story of Dionysius is clearly a more rational version of a myth in Greek mythology. According to this legend, the sea god Poseidon sends a white bull to be sacrificed to the King Minos of Crete. When he sees that the king feeds the bull instead of the sacrifice, he makes his wife Pasifae fall in love with the bull, and from this merger, the half-animal Minotaurus (Minos’ Bull) is born, a half-human mythological monster. According to Dionisios, there was another place in the north of this village called Iasonion. Iason, who gave his name to this place with an altar built in the name of Apollo, is the son of Aison, the king of Iolkos in Thessaly, according to legend. Provided he brought the legendary Golden Fleece in the Black Sea, Iason, who spoke of Pelias to reclaim his father’s throne, anchored in the Besiktas area during his departure as the leader of the Argonauts who went to find the Golden Fleece.
There is a source suggesting that the place called Iasonion for a long time was not Besiktas.Antony of the Russian pilgrim Novgorod, who visited Constantinople in 1200, mentions a visit to a monastery called Machukov in this vicinity. St. Iason, whose bones are stored in this monastery, should be the last projection of Iason despite the thousands of years. Indeed, several saints bearing the name of Iason are recorded in the Orthodox church. But all of them were relatively insignificant saints, and there is no information that any of them were buried in and around Constantinople. It is noteworthy that the name Machukov of Slavic origin, which was not mentioned before or after Antony in any Byzantine sources, lives in the present-day Macka district.
Based on the information provided by Dionysius and Antony of Novgorod, if it is assumed that Iasonion is the coastal strip under Machka, and that the place where Dionysius refers to Arheion is also Besiktas, the author of the ships from Rhodes to Bizantion, the author of those who came to Rhodes, The “Rodion Periboloi”, which he describes as the place where he anchored between Iasonion and Arheion, should be a place farther south, not the location of the Ciragan Palace as accepted by today’s researchers. According to Anaplus Bosporu, Arheion is depicted towards the north, with a river flowing between the hills and them. Considering that the only remarkable river in the region is the Linden Creek, Arheion should indeed be the Besiktas.
During the Roman period, Ihlamur Creek was a fairly large stream, and according to sources, it had a bridge over it. Dionysius Arheion bases his name on the Greek Arheias, who came from the city of Tasos and tried to establish a city here, but was repelled by the people of Chalcedony (Cadikoy), who feared their sovereignty would be jeopardized. Another structure that Dionysius mentions around Besiktas is a temple that is said to have been built in the name of “The Old Man of the Sea” rising on a hill overlooking the sea.
After that, the Caybahcelerites, the place that can be found, is the Bythias Gulf in today’s Albanian village. It is understood from this that the temple in question was either on the hill where the Star Palace is located today, or on the ridges of the Ortakoy, where the Bosphorus Bridge is connected today. The two coastlines that Dionisios calls Parabolos and Kalamos should be Kuruchesme. After Bythias comes Hestiai (today’s Streaming Nose), where there is a temple built in the name of Mother of the Gods. Finally, Helai (today’s Baby), where there is a temple dedicated to Artemis, is mentioned. As can be seen, the descriptions of Dionysius of Bizantion about Besiktas and its vicinity contain interesting and impressive information about the Roman period of the region. However, it is noteworthy that the names of the structures and places mentioned by the author are not found in the texts of the Byzantine period (the name Helai was used for the Baby region until medieval times).
BYZANTINE PERIOD
During the Byzantine period (4th century-15th century) the shores of today’s Besiktas were known for three important structures: “Auaplus” (against the current) the Ayios Mihael Church, which meets, the palace complex of Ayios Mamas, the summer residence of the emperors and the Monastery of Phokas. The Church of Ayios Mihael I, founder of Constantinopoilis. It was built during the period of Constantine (305-337) and was a very famous pilgrimage center, visited by Christian pilgrims. In the texts, the distance from Constantinople is 35 stadia (about 6300 m) and should be in Kuruchesme and Arnavutkoy.
Church, I. It was repaired during the reign of Iustinianos (527-565 ) and existed until the 10th century, with an octagonal dome resembling that of the Small Hagia Sophia Mosque. The Ayios Mamas complex, thought to be near the bridge over the Linden Creek, consisted of a palace, a hippodrome, a harbour and a semi-circle shaped port leading into the sea. Mamas Palace V. In the early years of Constantine’s (741-775) rule, he was made to take up the attacks of the rebelling commander Artavasdos to seize the throne. Later, VI. It was used by Constantine (780-797) and his mother, the empress Eirene (797-802).
In 792’s the rising uncle Nikephoros’s eyes were drawn to miles here, and the languages of his brothers were cut off. Constantine married his second wife, Theodote, in spite of his mother’s opposition, where he learned of the attempts of mother Eirene to depose him, trying to escape to Anatolia, but was captured and blinded in Constantinople. VI. The Hippodrome of Ayios Mamas, which was openly in the sources for the first time due to the deposition of Constantine, was probably built in the 5th century with the palace.813’the leaders of Te plundered the Magas Hippodrome, the Bulgarian raiders who had come under Krum to plunder the suburbs of Constantinople, and took away the statue of the sea monster, the same thing as the lion, the bear, and possibly the previously mentioned dragon.
This last statue was originally to “Ayios Mamas region” on an unknown date, decorating the Forum of Constantine in Constantinople” it must be three sirens (half female half animal legendary sea creature) or one of the sea horse sculpture, which is rumored to be taken away and is part of a group of seven statues.The hippodrome survived the disaster of 813 or was repaired at a later date because the emperor III of the palace and the hippodrome. It is known that it was frequently visited by Mihael (842-867). Michael’s successor I. According to historians who lived during the Basilian period (867-886) and apparently became hostile to Michael and his way of life, Mihael used it for car racing, which was his favorite sport.
In fact, it is said that the alarm system, which was established to inform the Arab raids that frequently threatened the empire, extending from the Taurus to Constantinople, was cancelled by Michael, who was disturbed during his hippodrome activities. As a matter of fact, while Michael was still infiltrating after a race because of a drink, Basil’s men (according to some sources, Basileios himself) were killed in the same place at the Ayios Mamas Palace. The Fokas Monastery, the third important work that made Besiktas known in the Middle Ages, was originally VII, the Patriarch of Constantinople from 832-842. It was the palace of Arsavir, brother of Ioannes Grammatikos. After Arsavir was accused of witchcraft in this palace by his enemies, the property was bought by a court clerk and converted into a monastery.
The church of the monastery, I. It was built during the Basilian period. Although its location cannot be fully determined, it is claimed to be the site of the modern Ayios Fokas Church, which is still present in Ortakoy, while it is clearly shown on the famous map of Cristoforo Buondelmoiti, just south of Diplokion, that is, Besiktas.The neighbourhood of Besiktas remained under Byzantine control until 1453. During the conquest of the city, the Ottoman navy anchored on the beach from the neutral city of Genoese Pera (Karakoy) to Diplokioni during the siege, part of the navy being loaded from the front of Dolmabahti to cross the chain that Byzantium stretched to Halic.
OTTOMAN PERIOD
A settlement in Besiktas gained its identity during the Ottoman period. During the Byzantine period, the Bosphorus suffered especially the influx of looters from the Black Sea, preventing the development of the destruction and fearless settlements they created. The fact that Besiktas gained a settlement identity during the Ottoman period was the establishment of the Black Sea under the control of the Ottoman State to a large extent. Another factor that affects settlement in the Bosphorus is the climatic conditions. In particular, the coastal area is open to harsh northern and southern air currents, and the moisture created by the sea requires that the coastal structures be very sheltered. This means expensive construction. Ottomans preferred wooden structures for reasons such as cheapness, easy construction and easy renovation.
The fact that such structures allowed to settle only in the summer cottage on the coast led to the emergence of an original architectural species called lee throughout the history of Bogazici dating back to the 20th century. The main settlements were in bays less affected by the harsh air currents, in valleys and on the south-facing slopes of the hills. The development of Besiktas is in this direction. Besiktas was the first settlement to develop on the shores of Bosphorus. Nuts between Galata and Besiktas started to develop in the 16th century. The coastal section is II. During the Bayezid period (1481-1512) the captain was given to the dyhas, in this area, which later dates from Dolmabahce to Hayreddin Pier, which will be called Besiktas Garden (the area covered by today’s Dolmabahce Palace), a groom was built for skins.The captain-to-be diras such as Barbaros Hayreddin Pasha, Sinan Pasha and Sword Ali Pasha, who will continue this feature in the 16th century, will leave permanent traces in Besiktas. Besiktas coast I. Starting from the Ahmed period (1603-1617), it will pass to the dynasty and be organized as gardens and equipped with seaside palaces.
As the first work of the Ottoman dynasty’s interest in Besiktas in the 16th century. Suleiman (Kanuni) (hd. 1520-1566) A summer palace was built on the hill behind the Besiktas Garden. It can be estimated that this structure, known as Suleyman Palace, is in the place of the Fainting Hurricane, which was built later. A mosque that did not reach the present day in this environment, known as the Suleymaniye Quarter for a long time, was also called the Suleymaniye Masjid. The area extending from the front of the palace to the beach is known as the Castle Garden and ended with the Sultan Pier on the coast. There was also a javelin square on the plain side, which maintained this feature until the 19th century. The Greek historian Skarlatos Bizantios (1798-1878) states that the coast extending from Dolmabahce to Besiktas Pier (d. 1546) was filled with up to 16,000 wars gathered from the Mediterranean islands by Barbaros Hayreddin Pasha (d.).
A tradition that began to form in the late 15th century was the anchoring of the navy in front of the Besiktas. Ships that were renewed or equipped in Halic every year in winter came to Besiktas before the expedition in May, and from here the captain would take the creek and greet the sultan who was waiting in the Yalik Pavilion on the banks of Sarayburnu and open to the Aegean Sea. On the return from September to October, the navy again anchored in front of them. One consequence of the fact that Besiktas is the captain of the diras is the neighborhood is the artifacts they leave here. First, Barbaros Hayreddin Pasha built Mimar Sinan a mosque, madrasa and darulkurra and its mausoleum dated 1541. None of these structures except the shrine has reached the present day.Subsequently, the brother of the famous viziriaz Rustem Pasha, Captain-I Derya Sinan Pasha (d. 1554), built a mosque, madrasah and double bathhouse for Mimar Sinan. Out of these buildings, people outside the bathhouse have reached the present day. The last great sailor of the 16th century is Sword Ali Pasha (d. 1587) In addition to his original ashes in Tophane, Mimar Sinan was built with a mosque and a subsidiary mektebi in Cragan. These structures have not reached the present day.
The square behind the Besiktas Pier was also the stop of the caravans operating between Rumeli-Anadolu starting from the 16th century, but also the gateway of the state soldiers who came from Anatolia and participated in the expeditions from Rumeli. Until the 19th century, there was also a caravanserai thought to be in this place, which bore the name Camel Square. It has also been suggested that this structure, which was mentioned by the Lonely Marrylia Celebi and which is the only caravanserai in Istanbul, is part of the Sinan Pasha Complex. In the 17th century, it is seen that the face of Besiktas has begun to change considerably. I. During the Ahmed period (1603-1617) Dolmabahce was filled with dark, Captain-i Darya (1591-1595, 1598-1603) The first Cagalazade Yusuf Pasha lived in the Besiktas Palace was built.
Starting from this period, in a period of three hundred years, the Besiktas coast is equipped with dozens of renewed palaces, one after the other, belonging to the members of the dynasty. All of these palaces were summer palaces and were transported by the spring-released emigration decree and returned to the winter palaces with the ferman in autumn. We see that the people associated with the palace and the members of the scientific class, who have an outstanding place in the Ottoman upper layer, also visit Besiktas. A permanent example of these is the famous Tree Abbas Agha, which consists of a neighborhood around the mosque. Another important example is that, after the Galata and Yenikapi of Mevlevilik, an elite sect, they established their third magazine in Istanbul in the place of the present-day Apprentice Palace in 1622.While Besiktas continued to expand to the ridges with the formation of Abbasid and Vishnezade neighborhoods in the 17th century, the population composition also seemed to be seated. In the Koyichi, which is the commercial center of the district, Muslims, Greeks and Armenians lived together and Armenians settled on their backs to Abbasak and Greeks settled in Uzuncaova.
There were also a small number of Jewish Barbaros Boulevard. The famous poet Nedim (d. 1730) of the period also inhabited Besiktas. In the words of a writer “… This period, which is ripe in Besiktas and adorned with gardens, flowers, pools, lightning, apprenticeships, helva chats, letaif traditions” spread to Istanbul, is 1730’although it ended with the bloody Patronage Uprising in Istanbul, it left permanent marks on the lifestyle of the upper layer of Istanbul, especially the dynasty. I. Mahmud (hd. 17301754) restored the structures of the devastated Besiktas Palace in 1747’s “Kasr-I Dilara” and in 1749’s the Dolmabahce made a new storm.III. Mustafa (hd. 17571774) Immediately restored the Besiktas Palace, which was highly destroyed in the great earthquake of May 22, 1766, and continued to use it as a summer palace. In the 18th century, while expanding the settlement of Besiktas along the valley of Besiktas Creek and Ihlamur Creek, on the other hand, Serencebey ridges began to open to the island.
The place where the Linden Creek was restored to Fulya, and today’s Altar ridges were referred to as the Hadji Hussein Vineyard in the 18th century. After this bond and the pavilion in it passed, the vineyard became the largest occupation of the district and the Ihlamur Hurricane was built in the 19th century. The most important municipal service migrated in Besiktas in the 18th century was completed in 1731. Water is brought from Mahmud Bendi. With these facilities, which were built in four stages between 1731-1839 and called Taksim Water, Besiktas have reached regular water and therefore the number of fountains and baths in the neighborhood has increased.III. The confusion that began with the bloody end of the Selim period in 1807 with the Kabakist Mustafa Uprising was in 1808’s II. With Mahmud’s passing to the throne, life in Istanbul was restored.
II. The fact that Mahmud wanted to spend the winters at the Besiktas Palace, leaving the Topkapi Palace, where many painful events took place, initially encountered the reaction of the rulers, but after 1820’s he remained mostly in Besiktas and Kasradz with palaces’after the renovation of the Palace of Besiktas, it completely left Topkapi Palace. Together with the sultan, other members of the dynasty and the state request began to settle in Besiktas. After that, Besiktas became a “Payitaht in Dersaadet” as our historian said. In the period that began with the proclamation of Tanzimat in 1839, the place where the change in the field of architecture was most intense was Besiktas. As the remaining traces of this change to the present day, Dolmabahce Palace, Ciragan Palace, Fer’iye palaces, Star Palace, Linden Hurricane, Ortakoy Mosque, Mecidiye Mosque (Small Mecidiye Mosque), Star (Hamidiye Mosque), Star, It is enough to count Bezmielam Valide Sultan Fountain, Sheikh Zafir Tomb and Akaretler.
A very important development in the 19th century was experienced in transportation and public transportation, which increased human mobility in the city. The construction of Galata bridges3~ has strengthened the connection of Besiktas with Istanbul, and in 1851, with the establishment of Company-i Hayriye, regular ferry service to the Bosphorus piers began, which affected all Bosphorus villages, population, or architecture8’the tram company, which was granted the concession, opened the first line between Azapkapi Besiktas in 1872. These first horse-drawn trams were electric in 1913 and served as far as Baby until 1961.
A line approaching the western hills of Besiktas also extended from the Taksim-Shiqli route to Macka with an arm separated in Harbiye.Again, Akaretler and Ortakoy, which are considered as the first examples of the housing system in Istanbul in the same period, are the features that affect the urban appearance of the “Las Dizioco” (18 Houses or Akaretler) Besiktas belonging to the Jewish community in Ortakoy. II. During the period of Abdulhamid (1876-1909), the centralization of the Star Palace not only of the sultan but of a management concept that was described as “status” starting from 1878 affected Besiktas in all ways. First of all, they carried their residence near the Star Palace, which was located in the immediate vicinity of the sultan, and during this period the New Neighborhoods formed on the upper side of the Serencebey Square and the surrounding area with the Abbasaga Neighborhood, the body, the body, the benga conga.
In addition, outpost buildings were built near the palace, led by Orhaniye Barracks and Ertugrul Barracks and Besiktas Guard Seven-Eight Hassan Pasha, a person who left a mark in Istanbul history (d. 1905). In other parts of Besiktas, it was seen that the officers working in the palace and various services connected to the palace were settled. Meanwhile, as a result of the effect of the migration wave caused by the defeat in the Ottoman-Russian War in 1877-1878 in Istanbul, Dikilitas began to form as an immigrant neighborhood. It was followed by the Balmumcu Quarter, which was formed at the beginning of the 20th century by the opening of a part of the Balmumcu Farm. In the 19th century, Besiktas had two floods and several large fires and many events. The first flash of history was in 1811 and the second in 1866.
After the 1863’s Dogichi fire, a zoning plan was made for the fire area. The subsequent fires did not affect the settlement structure such as the 1881 Ortakoy and 1886 Albanian village fires, but only in the 1892 villager fire 166 households were burned.The Istanbul earthquake in 1894 also caused little destruction in Besiktas, the minarets of Sinan Pasha Mosque and Besiktas Pier Mosque were destroyed, the roof of Besiktas Central Patrol collapsed, the walls of the Besiktas Central Patrol were cracked, the walls of Besiktas Central R, their plasters were poured and their windows were broken. A total of four people died in the demolition of the houses. The earthquake was more effective in Ortakoy, the Ortakoy Mosque was greatly damaged, the minarets’ realms were overthrown, and slits were formed in the sea. One consequence of the fact that Besiktas is a “Payitaht in Dersaadet” is the political events taking place here.
Sultan Abdulaziz was deposed by the Dolmabahce Palace on 30 May 1876 with the alliance of a group of military-civilian high state officials led by Midhat Pasha and Serasker Hussein Avni Pasha, and deposed on 4 June 1876’fer’iye, whom he was detained for, committed suicide in the last room of his palaces (present-day Kabatas High School). Then the board is removed V. On the grounds that Murad’s intellectual balance was not in place, he was again terminated by the same group on 31 August 1876. Placed on the promise of proclaiming the Law-I-Basih II. The first two years of Abdulhamid’s reign have been full of events.
What happened in Besiktas has been passed down as “The Apprentice Event. In the pessimistic environment of the defeat of the Ottoman-Russian War of 1877-1878 and the pessimism of the sultan’s Parliament-i Meb’usan and the suspension of the constitution, the majority of the Rumeli community under the leadership of Ali Suavi is a clan of 80 Mayk’entering the Apprentice Palace from the sea V. They attempted to reconnect Murad to the throne. Many people died, especially Ali Suavi, in the conflict that came with the arrival of the Besiktas Guard Seven-Eight Hassan Pasha on the scene. Another important event is the “Bomb Incident” which took place just at the beginning of the 20th century (21 July 1905).Arranged by Armenian committees and coming to the Star Mosque for Friday Salamate II. In this assassination attempt to kill Abdulhamid, nothing happened to the sultan, 26 people died and 58 people were injured. In the 19th century, Besiktas also hosted an important cultural formation.
This movement, which was formed by the regular gathering of a group of intellectuals sitting in Besiktas and Ortakoy starting in late 1815, was called “Besiktas Community-i Ilma. It was composed of free and forward-thinking people from this community period who aimed to exchange ideas in the field of history, religion, philosophy, positive sciences and literature, and also to raise students. Unfortunately, the first scientific and thought movement organized outside an official institution in Ottoman history, Besiktas Community-i Ilmaqi was forced to disband in 1826 under the guise of Bektashism and irreligion in the environment where the Janissary Quarium was abolished, and, some of its members were also sent into exile. The last period of Ottoman history II. The years of legitimacy (1908-1918) and Armistice (1918-1922) were as full of painful events for the whole country and capital Istanbul as well as for most Besiktas.
Besiktas is again a palace district, but in 1908 II. The proclamation of the Constitutional II after the March 1909 uprising of 31. With Abdulhamid’s being deposed in the Star Palace and sent into exile, he has lost his special position as a management center. II. With the proclamation of the Constitution, most of them are sitting in Besiktas II. The privileged lives of the Abdulhamid period ricali also came to an end, and a part of them was exiled. New sultan V. Mehmed (Rashad) lived as a sultan of legitimacy at Dolmabahce Palace, and the governing authority was restored to Babayali.
I. As the World War (1914-1918) continued with increasingly severe hardships, the years following the defeat came when the spirit of resistance revived with the occupation pain it had experienced for the people of Istanbul for the first time.The people of Besiktas also mobilized both human resources (especially sailors) to the national resistance movement that started in Anatolia, he also participated in the work of the hijacking of weapons and ammunition (especially from the Macka Armory and Star Correspondence Depot) organizationally.This dark period ended in victory on November 17, 1922, when the last sultan ” VI. Mehmed (Vahdeddin) escaped by sneaking out of the Star Palace and passing through the Tophane quay to a British battleship waiting in the open, on October 2, 1923′ the following year’the last occupation forces also left Istanbul at a ceremony at the Dolmabahce docks.
FROM THE REPUBLIC TO TODAY
When the republic was declared on October 29, 1923, Besiktas was part of the Beyoglu side of the city. From the managerial point of view, Beyoglu depended on Mutasarriflik. But Istanbul was no longer the old Istanbul, having lost its 470-year-long privilege of capital, I. The devastation created by the World War and Armistice years affected every aspect of the city’s life. Yet it was the largest city in the country, the most important economic and cultural center, but it was only the legacy of the past. During the first 15 years of the Republic, that is, during the Ataturk period, the new regime gave weight to the creation of the capital Ankara and to the zoning of the cities that had been financially devastated as Izmir. Istanbul was trying to roast with its own oil. Besiktas is one of the most affected neighborhoods in this environment.
First, on March 3, 1924, when the caliphate was removed and the Ottoman dynasty members were taken abroad, palaces and beaches and barns along the coast from Besiktas to Albankoy were evacuated and some of them were given to public institutions, some of them have been used as warehouses and schools and some have been destroyed. The mansions belonging to the rical of the old period have been subjected to similar fate, with the collapse of the mansion order, some sections have been rented, some have been abandoned, some have been burnt or destroyed.Many people associated with Besiktas, most of whom are called “yellow” and “district” who work in palaces and mansions, have now started to live as the poor of the neighborhood. Due to these developments, he suffered a concussion in his commercial life in Besiktas.
The Old Besiktasilk initiatives, which changed the face of Besiktas, started during the mayor of Lutfi Kirdar (8 December 1938-24 January 1949). Lutfi Kirdar French city planner H. In line with the plan prepared for Prost and approved in 1939, he embarked on a large-scale zoning movement in the city. Opening boulevards, creating squares, expanding and improving existing roads, arranging green spaces, creating recreation areas, water, electricity, etc, in line with the basic principles that can be summarized as providing increases in quantity and quality in basic municipal services such as transportation and giving monumental structures to the city that will be the symbol of the Republic, the traces left by this movement in Besiktas can be listed as follows: The quality of Ihlamurdere Street, which extends from Dolmabahce to Rumelihisari and connects the district with the main road to the city and the main road, the Chain-juice – Besiktas road and the inner parts of the district, has been raised.
The streets behind the Besiktas Pier were shelved, Barbaros Square was opened, the main wall in front of it was removed and Barbaros Hayreddin Pasha Tomb was unearthed and Barbaros Monument was built on the side of the square. Abbas Agha Cemetery, located at the top of the Mosque and in the neighborhood tissue, was removed and arranged as a park. But since the tombstones here were removed without any examination, these very important documents of the history of Besiktas have disappeared. In the same way, a section of the Macka Cemetery to the left of the junction connecting Sports Street to Macka was removed with the aim of expanding the road. During this period, Vishnezade Park was created with the Stony Park and the outer garden of the Star Palace was purchased together with the Tent Pavilion and Malta Pavilion and turned into a Star Park. The valley extending from Dolmabahce to Nisantasi is also organized as a park, while the Bayildim Yokushu, which connects Dolmabahce to Macka, has been renovated as a cruise terrace.