The Fatih district, which was formed around the first big mosque and imaret of Istanbul and bears the nickname of the sultan who conquered the city, is one of the most famous and symbolically qualified settlements of the Turkish period. If it is not considered secondary districts, Fatih is connected to Aksaraya with Etmeydani and Horhor Districts in front of Atikali and New Rooms (new barracks) with slopes descending to the Bayrampasa valley in the southwest. In the east, Zeyrek, Wednesday and Yavuzselim, from Sarachhanbasi to Sehzadebasi and Halicah, in the direction of Edirnekapi are limited to such districts as Karagum. Constantine Suru passes just west of Fatih Complex. Among the valleys descending from the Golden Horn, this high plateau, called the “fourth peak, is the old city XI, although its boundaries are not certain. Referring to its territory. The region where the district is located has maintained the status of religious symbol since the foundation of the city.
The monumental tomb of Constantine (hd 324-337) and martirionu, later made in its place at Iustinianosun Havariyun Church, was crowned with the great ashtray of Fatih Sultan Mehmedetin after the conquest and in the city history, it has always been integrated with the memories of the great emperors and sultans. The presence of the martirion of Constantine gave a special importance to this region during the period of its establishment. Since during the period of Constantine the main transportation line of the city extends from Yedikuleye via Aksaray, according to the Ottoman period, although it has a secondary status in the city, but, The function of the Bozdogan belt to provide water is important – due to the fact that it is a residential area that sees both Halicari and Marmara, important palaces of the Constantine period and after are concentrated in this region.
The palaces of Flasillia and Augusta Pulheria, the great cisterns of Arkadius and Modestus, the Bozdogan Arch, the Markianos Column were within the bounds of this region. I. St. Polieuktos Church, one of the largest churches of the Iustinian period (527-565), was also on the Marmara slopes of the plateau in the southwest of the Bozdogan Arch. In the Byzantine period buildings that have lived to this day, the Pantepoptes Monastery (Old Imaret Mosque) in the north and the Church of the Pantokrator Monastery in the northeast (Zeyrek Church Mosque) are important structures of medieval Byzantium in this region. When Fatih Sultan Mehmet conquered Istanbul and entered the city, he welcomed himself with the number of people of Istanbul and, in the meantime, Pope Yanadosta. Fatih, the Great Turkish Hakan, had spoken to him for a while by calling Yanadosu, and had informed that the Greeks in Istanbul would be ensured that they would not touch their religion and live their religion. At the same time, this Turkish sultan Yanadosu brought to the head of the Greek churches in the city and Oarna gave the title of Patriarch.
Yanados went to the Apostle church where he was given and reported the situation to his priests. Here, the Havariyun church was the first place where the present-day Fatih district was established. When the Apostle church became dilapidated, Fatih Sultan Mehmet chose it as the first construction site and destroyed the church and built the Fatih Mosque. Over time, new buildings were established around Fatih Mosque, thus forming the core of the district. The district started to be called with the name of Fatih after the date of the end of Fatih Mosque. According to Western sources, at the time of the Byzantines, where the district was established, there were twelve Apostles’ Churches and tombs belonging to the Byzantine Emperors.4. During the Crusade, Istanbul was surrounded by Latinos. In this siege, the church was burned down. On later dates, the church, which was damaged by the earthquake, was more devastated. Indeed, when Fatih Sultan Mehmet conquered Istanbul, the churches and tombs in Fatih and its region were in a ruin pile.
When Fatih took Istanbul, he immediately undertook the reconstruction and repair of the city. Meanwhile, Aksemsettin, Molla Gurani, Mullah Husrev and Mullah Zeyrek Ona, who were next to Fatih Sultan Mehmetin, had applied to establish a madrasa for the students who had previously placed Hagia Sophia and the surrounding area and Pantokratoria (Zeyrek). Fatih did not break the will of the scientists and ordered the construction of a large mosque and a community of buildings called Sahn-I Semen (Eight Medrese). Completed 17 years later, these artifacts played the most important role in the development of the district. After fetish, Establishment of Fatih Complex (1463-1470), a major social and cultural center of activity following the construction of Eyup Imaret, new rooms in the large Sarachane Bazaar and Sehzadebasi neighborhood where the trolleys and blacksmiths work why has it happened. Fatih Complex Istanbul is the first link of the series of large ashtrays that give the characteristic appearance of the Turkish period.
With its close to a thousand employees and the bazaars around it, it has created a new center of gravity that is effective in the subsequent development of the city. As for Edirnekapi, which is different from the Byzantine period, the religious and social functioning structures built in the city after the conquest were also concentrated on the Golden Horn slopes and a third of the suric’s population was settled in Edirnekapi, Sultanselim, Fatih triangle. At that time, the Fatih Complex was located right in the middle of the road of Edirnekapi. Another bazaar was formed around the gates of the Painter and the Dumplers (or the Dumpling), which went to the northwest of the outer courtyard of the mosque. Atik Ali Pasha Mosque was built at the end of the 15th century or at the beginning of the 16th century on the road of Edirnekapi. During the construction of the Mihrimah Sultan Complex in Adirnekapi, the construction of shops under the mosque courtyard proves that a continuous shopping axis has developed on this road from Sarachhane to Edirnekapi. in the 16th century, one third of the mosques and mosques in Istanbul are in this region.
In the 16th century, land customs were established between Fatih and Edirnekapi in the suri section of the Edirne road. Like Suleymaniye, Fatihte had mansions of state elders, especially uleman, around the mosque. As a matter of fact, Nicolay writes that in his observations about Fatih Complex, imam and ulema sit around the mosque and there are 200 domed houses for guests of every nation and religion. (Here he must have meant the madrasas, the tabhane and the caravanserai around the ashliye). However, Nicolay mentions that there are 150 houses outside the complex. It can be said that these are the shelters of the areas of vaccine every day from the cursor. The English traveler adds that many of these rooms are empty. It is known from the Fatiharin foundation that the complex is a broad social program. Sanderson notes that at the end of the 16th century, the annual revenue allocated to this complex is 200,000 dukes of gold.
This richness of the signage explains one of the reasons for the intense settlement of the first 200 years in the Fatih region. Fatih Mosque is the largest city area after the four hectares of outer courtyard atmeydan, which is referred to as Fatih Square, which is located between the madrasas, open to various events and all the edges are surrounded by a regular architecture. Apart from the 300 students studying here in the madrasas, as Evliya Celebiyin said, “hal owner and ehl-i languages were also not missing”. The bazaars around him were the places where the believers who filled the mosque in prayer times worked. It is clear that there is a rich social shopping in the mosque courtyard, and many events that color the life of the city pass in this courtyard. Evliya Celebi also mentions Sultan Budala Hasan Dededen, who built floor huts at the height of each solid minaret next to the Painter Gate in the outer courtyard.
Iskender Pasha Mosque built in the 16th century, towards Edirnekapi, the Mehmed Pasha Mosque on the slopes of the Bayrampasa valley, and the Shooter Mehmed Pasha Mosque on Wednesday enriched the monumental environment of the district. To these, the Ankaravid Mehmed Efendi Madrasa in the Sarachhane in the 17th century, Gazanfer Aga Madrasa next to the Bozdogan Arch, the Amcazade Hussein Pasha Complex in the Sarachhane, Feyzullah Efendi Maddesi in the opposite corner of the Fatih Complex, also teaching, thus, Fatih maintained its important status in the social and cultural life of the city until the 18th century. Fatih Mosque, which adorns our district today, replaces the mosque, which has been demolished on later dates, again sultan III. It was built by Mustafa. The set of works commissioned by Fatihit (clulia) in mosques, madrasas, hospitals, guesthouses, zoning, baths, caravanserai, schools, libraries and shrines (Fatih Sultan Mehmet Tomb, Gulbahar Hatun Tomb, Turkey, There was Nakshidil Valide Sultan Tomb). Over time, people from various parts of Anatolia and Rumelia were placed in Istanbul.
meanwhile those who were brought from Yenisehir, Yenikapiya, Konya Aksaraya, those who were brought from Albania Silivrikapi, Armenians Langaya, Kumkapi, those who were brought from Curve Erikapi, Karamana, those brought from Karamanda, those brought from Tiria Vefaia, Sosalya, those who were brought from Sosalya, kastamonuans Earnayyya, Trabzona specially selected and brought young people Fenerataye, Akka, Gaza and Remle Arabs Yhtakaleye, Karamanli Christian Turks Yedikule region, Gelibolulu around Tersane, Izmirler Buyukgalata Mahallesi, Karamanli M, konyaans Kucukkaramana, Sinop and Samsun immigrants Tophaneye, Manisans Macuncu Mahallesi, those brought from Wednesday were placed on Wednesday. Thus, the famous neighborhoods and neighborhoods connected to the district gradually began to form and become famous. Fatih, meanwhile, had built a large ashtray for the famous scholar Sheikh Ebuyl Vefa, to the place behind today’s Vefa High School. Kulliye was founded for Sheikh Ebuedl Vefa, a descendant of Mevlan Jaladdin born in Konya.
Fatihin had an extreme love for this knowledge, whose reputation increased more after coming to Istanbul. After Fatih Sultan Mehmet, the sultans who passed the Ottoman Empire and their sadrazam or pashas gained fame with the mosques, madrasas, baths and fountains they built in our district. The development and festivities of the Fatih district in a short time have been thanks to the works they have made in time and thanks to these people. The mosque founded by Has Murat Pasha of Fatihin pasha and its surroundings are today known as Murat Pasha neighborhood. This was followed by the ashes built by Koca Mustafa Pasha, Kucuk Mustafa Pasha, Iskender Pasha and Atik Ali Pasha. Settlement in the place where the ashy was built was faster and the face of the Fatih district changed more quickly. The lawful Sultan Suleiman built the mosques of Solomon and Selimiye on Wednesday. In time, famous people also left great works in the district. Meanwhile, Mimar Sinan, Mihrimah Sultan, Davut Pasha, Fatma Sultan, Haji Evhattin, Abdi Celebi, Katip Musliddin and others are the people who leave famous works in our district and make up the neighborhoods and neighborhoods. The district made an intermediate center of the Sehremanet and at that time the city district was formed. The 18th century witnessed Istanbul leave the old city and grow out of the walls along the shores. As a matter of fact, Fatih district also did not show much development after the 18th century.
Just as the fires that occurred in the 18th century destroyed these old quarters, the Fatih Complex was destroyed in the great earthquake of 1766’ and the mosque was completely destroyed. III. The mosque, which was rebuilt by Mustafa (hd 1757-1774), was opened again in 1771’ and the shrines of Fatihabi and Gulbahar Hatunun are only I. It was finished during the Abdulhamid period (1774-1789). The library building behind the mosque was built in the 18th century. On the spot of the dusk, which is part of the complex, today there is Naksimdil Sultan Tomb and Sebili, one of the most beautiful baroque structures in Istanbul’. The caravanserai, which was later made to a military rank on the plot, must have been destroyed in the same earthquake. Irgadlar (or Karaman) Bath, which is the bathhouse of Fatih Complex and was built before the mosque I. It was burned during the World War. The fact that some structures of the complex have not been rebuilt after the earthquake indicates that the importance of the region as a settlement area has decreased at the end of the 18th century.
But Sultan Abdulmecidin 1851’de, Hz. The Khirka-i Sherif Mosque, built for the second half of the Prophet (SAV)’, shows that it maintains the religious status of the region. The Hirka-i Sheriff gradually took a special place in the religious life of the people and gave a district identity to its surroundings. Fatih was greatly destroyed in the Crunch fire in 1908’, and in the Cibali fire in 31 May 1918’, thousands of buildings in the region were destroyed. I. Before World War I, wooden structures in the neighborhood planned with a road texture in the orthogonal (cutting one at right angles) system were replaced by increasingly small-scale two-three-storey apartments and houses; a building still used today was built, in front of it, the monument of the first Turkish aviators who were martyrs in Palestine was erected and a park was built around it.
Yet, until the great boulevard (Hungarian Brothers and Fevzi Pasha streets) opened, which extended to Edirnekapi, revealing the foundations of Ataturk Boulevard and Fatih Madrasas passing through the Sarachhane, outside the fire places, There were neighborhoods in Fatihette that preserved old street tissue and wooden structures. When the density of the structure began to increase during the period of reconstruction of Menderesin (1954-1960), the multi-storey concrete apartment buildings increased, the old inhabitants of the district became a minority in the face of the new population, and most families left Fatihi. Thus, just as there is almost no trace of the historical texture and civic architecture of Fatihar, its social texture has changed completely. under the influence of the City Hall, which entered service in 1960’, the increasing population density encouraged the development of sub-trade zones and along Fevzi Pasha Street a trade axis occupied residential areas emerged. On this axis, the old Fatih Caravanserai, with some modifications, has been restored with functions for commercial purposes.
As Fatih Mosque, Evliya Celebi, it is reflected to the present day that it is a “ruhaniyetli” temple. As it used to be, today, especially around Wednesday Street, which extends to the Sultan Selim Mosque, there is such an emphasis and non-dense Islamic structure in any of the other districts of Istanbul, from clothes to everyday forms of life. Fatih district had been the central district of Istanbul for many years.A decision taken in 1928 divided our district into Fatih and Eminonu. However, on this date, Fatih district was built a separate district. With the decision of the Council of Ministers dated 28.6.1967 and numbered 5366, all the furnaces in our district were removed. TODAY, FATIH; the western shore of the Golden Horn the sea walls of the Marmara the Fatih/Photo/Cafer NEVRUZuk is destroyed to a considerable extent and has not reached the present day. Ataturk Boulevard starting from the southwest of the Ataturk Bridge and the more southern Mustafa Kemal Street forms the border between Fatih and Eminonu Districts, some of the transportation links in Istanbul pass through Fatih District.
The main ones are the Hungarian brothers and Fevzi Pasha streets, which extend from Sarachhane-head to Edirnekapi, and the Vatan Street (Adnan Menderes Boulevard), which connects Aksaray to Topkapi-Edirnekapi Street, and the Millet (Turgut Ozal) Street, which connects Aksarai to Topkapi. Along the Golden Horn stretch the streets Ayvansaray, Demirhisar, Balat Vapur pier and Abdulzel Pasha. There are green areas between these streets and Golden Horn. From the Marmara coast of the district, Sirkeciyi connects Bakirkoye and passes Kennedy Street, also called “sahil yolu”. Fatih County’s Marmara Sea coast is arranged in green areas, Istanbul, connecting the European countries and providing the suburban transportation to the west side of the city, the double-line railway also stretches parallel to the ground coast road. Fatih district also benefits from rail transportation systems called “Contemporary Tramway and Fast Tram”. There are also some scaffolds on the shore of the Golden Horn that have waterway transportation. Fatih district, where some of the oldest settlement areas of the city are located, is very rich in historical structures.
The main ones are; Bozdogan Belt, Yedikule Dungeon, Blahernai Palace, Fethiye Mosque, Kariye Mosque and Fatih Complex. Br department of important educational and health institutions in Istanbul is within the borders of Fatih District. The main secondary education institutions are Darushafaka High School, Fatih Girls High School, Pertevniyal High School, Fatih Trade High School, Sultanselim Girl Vocational High School, Fatih Imam-Hatip High School, Private Eresin Hotel and Tourism Vocational High School, Sahakyan Nunyan Armenian High School, Special Lantern Greek High School, Private Yuvakimyon Rum Girls High School. The Cerrahpasa and Istanbul (Chapa) Medical Faculties of Istanbul University are also in Fatih County. Fatihnin important shopping centers are focused in the districts of Aksaray, Fatih and Hazelnutzade. The most regular of these is the underground bazaar in Aksaray. Important accommodation facilities are mostly located on the edge of Millet Street and the main entertainment places and restaurants are usually located in the neighborhoods around the coastal road.