Ulu Mosque (Center): The mosque is the most ancient of the mosques located in the city center of Urfa province. As the structure was an old synagogue, it was transformed into the St. Stephon Church by the Bishop Rabula whom had died between A.D. 435 – 436. The structure was named as the Scarlet Church as there are numerous scarlet colored pillars inside and the mosque was constructed instead of the structure between 1170 – 1175 years by Nurettin Zengi.
The mosque is inside the multi – pedestal mosques group of the Anatolia and is covered with parallel three rows of diagonal vaults at the side showing Mecca and has a rectangular construction plan. The last congregation location covered with diagonal vaults standing on the ranks and opening to a fourteen pointed arched courtyard is initially used at the sanliurfa Ulu Mosque in Anatolia. The octagonal bell tower of the structure serves as a minaret nowadays.
The Cave in Which Prophet Ibrahim was Born and Mevlid-i Halil Mosque (Center): Prophet Ibrahim was born inside a cave located at the south of the courtyard of the Mevlid-i Halil Mosque. Accrding to the rumors, the monarch of the period, Nemrut dreams. In the morning he tells his dream to his astrologers. As the astrologers tell him that „ a child who will born in this year would end your reign“, Nemrut orders to kill all of the male children that would be born during that year. The wife of Azer, the idolist of the palace gives birth to Prophet Ibrahim secretly in this cave. Prophet Ibrahim lived in this cave until he reaches the age seven. The water found in the cave of prophet Ibrahim is believed to be curative and that the waters cure numerous diseases.
Balikli Lake (Halil-ur Rahman and Ayn-i Zeliha Lake, Center): The lake is located inside the city center and has the appearance of a natural aquarium with the fishes swimming inside the waters and with the centuries old plane trees and willow trees. The lakes are two in number; Ayn-i Zeliha and Halil-ur Rahman. As Prophet Ibrahim begins to struggle with the monarch of the period Nemrut and with the idols that his folk worships and begins to break and destroy such idols defending the idea of a single god, he was cast into fires by Nemrut from the location which is known as the sanliurfa Castle. As the God himself orders the fire as “O fire, be cool and secure to Ibrahim.”, the fire turn into water and the stones turn into fishes. The place where Prophet Ibrahim falled is named as “Halil-ur Rahman Lake”. The step daugter of Nemrut Zeliha falls in love with Prophet Ibrahim. Zeliha begs and prays for Prophet Ibrahim to his step father Nemrut. As she realizes that Prophet Ibrahim is fallen into fire, she casts herself into the fire. The place where Zeliha falled is called as “Ayn-i Zeliha Lake“.
St. Eyyup Prophet and His Position (Center): It is rumored that St. Eyyup prophet was born in the desniye village of the country called as the upper land located between sam and Ramla in Syria in B.C. 2100. Prophet Eyup who was infected with the leprosy disease continues to suffer in a cave with his wife named Rahime and never gives up to worship and pray God. In spite of all of his sufferings, he never betrays or rebels to his God. At last, Prophet Eyyup passes the exam, he cures his disease with the curative water stated to him by the God, he continues to live for a long time with his wife and children granted to himself. The cave in which Prophet Eyyup had suffered in the name of God is visited as the position of the Prophet Eyyup.
Old Omeriye Mosque (Center): The mosque is located at the city center of sanliurfa and as the present epitaphs and inscriptions state to the period of restoration, the exact construction date is unclear. According to the rumors of the folk, it was stated that the mosque was constructed by St. Omer. According to the inscription located at the eastern wall of the final congregation location, the mosque was repaired in 1301 by Muhammed Aga. The date stated in this inscription proves that the Omeriye mosque is the one of the oldest mosque of Urfa.
Halil-ur Rahman Mosque (Doseme Mosque – Makam Mosque – Center): The mosque is located at the southwest corner of the Halil-ur Rahman lake and is in the form of a Kulliye composed of a mosque, a theological school, a graveyard and the position where Prophet Ibrahim falled when he was cast into fire. The mosque was constructed on the area where the Mother Mary Church was constructed in A.D. 504 (Byzantine period) by the financial assistance of Urbisius in the name of monophists in the 13th century during the period of Eyyubi civilization. At the inscription located at the western side of the stone minaret adjasent to the southeast corner of the mosque, it was stated that the mosque was constructed in 1211 by the order of Melik Esref Muzafferiddin Musa of the Eyyubi reign.
Rizvaniye Mosque (Zulumiye Mosque-Center): The mosque is located at the northern side of the Halil-ur Rahman lake and was constructed instead of the St. Thomas Church of the Byzantine Period by the Governor of Rakka of the Ottoman Empire Rizvan Ahmet Pasha in 1716.
St. Eyyup, St. Elyasa and Rahime Hatun Turbe (Mausoleums) (Eyyup Nebi Village – Viransehir): It is rumored that the burial location of the Prophet Eyyup is located at the Eyyup Nebi Village which is 12 km away from the Viransehir district. Prophet Eyyup is saved from his woulds after a seven year sufferage as he baths with the curative waters granted by the God. After that, he lives in Eyyup Nebi Village with his wife, Rahime Hatun. Turbes of the both persons are located inside this village.
The grave of St. Elyasa whom had walked for three months in order to see Prophet Eyyup and died before seeing him although he was so close is also located in this village. According to the rumors, when IV. Murat is on his military campaign to Baghdath, he had a break in Eyyup Nebi Village and stays for one night. He dreams that “the place where you rest is the position of Prophet Eyyup. Build a mosque and a mausoleum to the location where your horse whinns and hits his leg three times to the ground when you awoke”.
Again according to another rumor told by the local folk, there is a holy and sacred rock mass located inside the borders of the village to which Prophet Eyyup had applied his back. The visitors of Prophet Eyyup initially visit the mausoleum of St. Elyasa (Prophet Eyyup had told that, “The ones that are coming to visit my mausoleum would visit the mausoleum of St. Elyasa first.”) , later they visit the mausoleum of Prophet Eyyup, later on the mausoleum of Rahime Hatun and finally the holy stone to which Prophet Eyyup had applied his back.
Ulu Mosque (Harran): The Ulu Mosque is located at the northeast side of the Harran Tumulus and was constructed between 744 – 750 years by the Emevi Monarch II. Mervan. It is assumed to be in the form of a Kulliye with its famous theological school, bathhouse and hospital. The mosque is one of the oldest and largest mosques of Anatolia and therefore it is an important creation. The mosque was restored and repaired during the Seljukian Period and displays beautiful samples of stone masonry and stone decoration arts.